18 December 2025

The Biggest 529 Plans Aren’t Always the Best

#
Share This Story

Just two of the 10 largest 529 college savings plans by assets received the highest marks in Morningstar’s annual ratings. Another three of the 10 largest plans came in the second- and third-place categories, graded on their ability to outperform and to help parents and other investors meet their savings goals.

The remaining four received a “neutral” or average rating, and one was excluded from the rankings altogether. The largest plans with Morningstar’s highest “Gold Analyst Rating” are Nevada’s Vanguard 529 College Savings Plan and the Utah Educational Savings Plan, which uses mutual funds from both Vanguard Group and Dimensional Fund Advisors.

For investors, the findings underscore the importance of considering factors beyond a plan’s popularity and size before choosing it.

To determine a plan’s rating, Morningstar weighed several factors: the plan’s investment process, its performance, its fees, its investment managers, and its oversight—which includes the state and program manager, whose duties vary but often include providing marketing services, record keeping and customer service for the plan’s investors. The investment-research firm also considers any state-tax benefits for in-state investors in how they help offset subpar investments or high fees.

The firm downgraded 10 plans this year, while upgrading just five, out of a total of 64 of the country’s largest 529 savings plans that it ranked. Many states have more than one plan, often one that investors can sign up for directly and another distributed through financial advisers. The two sets of plans are evaluated separately.

The rankings are closely watched by the plans’ investment managers, which have been trying to boost enrollment and contributions that have stalled in recent years. Many plans have been adding new investment options and tweaking portfolios in an attempt to provide more diversification and better returns for investors.

Nevada’s Vanguard plan and Utah’s Educational Savings plan had $10.4 billion and $7.5 billion in assets, respectively, at the end of September, according to Morningstar.

Neutral ratings went to a total of 32 plans. That included, from the 10 largest plans, the Massachusetts and New Hampshire savings plans managed by Fidelity Investments that investors can sign up for on their own—which have $4.7 billion and $9.5 billion in assets.

Rhode Island’s adviser-sold plan, which is managed by AllianceBernstein, wasn’t part of this year’s rankings because it added a series of age-based options that tracks a Morningstar index this year. The plan has $7.3 billion in assets. Morningstar says it doesn’t provide ratings or opinions on 529 plans where one or more of the underlying investments tracks one of its indexes.

Click here to access the full article on The Wall Street Journal. 

Join Our Online Community
Join the Better Way To Retire community and get access to applications, relevant research, groups and blogs. Let us help you Retire Better™
FamilyWealth Social News
Follow Us